EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF HYDRAULIC BINDERS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF SILTY SAND

Hassan Belalia, Ahmed Arab, Fadi Hage Chehade, Ahmed Djafar-Henni, Sahnoune Bensahnoune

Abstract


Introduction. This paper presents a laboratory study investigating the mechanical behavior of silty soil reinforced with hydraulic binders (cement and lime) using a direct shear apparatus. A series of direct shear tests was performed on silty soils treated with hydraulic binders. Methods. The tests were conducted at a relative density of 50 %, under three normal stresses, with cement and lime contents of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 %, and a water content of 10 %. Results. The shear strength of cement-treated silt increases with cement content up to 6 % and then stabilizes. For lime-treated silt, the shear strength decreases at a lime content of 1 % and then stabilizes; thus, the contractive behavior increases with higher lime content. The internal friction angle increases with cement content and then stabilizes, with a slight decrease observed at a cement content of 7 %. Cohesion increases linearly with cement content. Lime addition enhances soil contractiveness; cohesion increases slightly up to a lime content of 3 % and then decreases. For the silt treated with the cement–lime mixture, the test results show that shear strength increases with normal stress compared to the untreated soil.

Keywords


silty soil; cement; lime; content; shear; internal friction angle; cohesion

Full Text:

PDF

References


Åhnberg, H. (1996). Stress dependent parameters of cement and lime stabilized soils. In: Grouting and Deep Mixing. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Ground Improvement Geosystems, May 14–17, 1996, Tokyo, Japan. Rotterdam: AA Balkema, pp. 387–392.

Akpokodje, E. G. (1985). The stabilization of some arid zone soils with cement and lime. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 173–180. DOI: 10.1144/GSL.QJEG.1985.018.02.06.

Aouali, N., Benessalah, I., Arab, A., Ali, B., and Abed, M. (2019). Shear strength response of fibre reinforced Chlef (Algeria) silty sand: laboratory study. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol. 37, Issue 2, pp. 1047–1057. DOI: 10.1007/s10706-018-0641-5.

Arab, A. (2008). Behavior of soils under monotonic and cyclic loading. PhD Thesis in Civil Engineering.

Arab, A. (2009). On monotonic and cyclic behavior of silty sand. Comptes Rendus Mécanique, Vol. 337, Issue 8, pp. 621–631. DOI: 10.1016/j.crme.2009.08.001.

Arab, A., Sadek, M., Belkhatir, M., and Shahrour, I. (2014). Monotonic preloading effect on the liquefaction resistance of Chlef silty sand: a laboratory study. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Vol. 39, Issue 2, pp. 685–694. DOI: 10.1007/s13369-013-0700-4.

Asghari, E., Toll, D. G., and HaerI, S. M. (2003). Triaxial behaviour of a cemented gravely sand, Tehran alluvium. Geotechnical & Geological Engineering, Vol. 21, Issue 1, pp. 1–28. DOI: 10.1023/A:1022934624666.

Banoune, B. (2016). Comportement mécanique et durabilité des matériaux routiers à différents dosages en sédiments fins. PhD Thesis in Engineering.

Baxter, C. D. P., Ravi Sharma, M. S., Moran, K., Vaziri, H., and Narayanasamy, R. (2011). Use of Ā = 0 as a failure criterion for weakly cemented soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 137, Issue 2, pp. 161–170. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000414.

Benessalah, I., Sadek, M., Villard, P., and Arab, A. (2022). Undrained triaxial compression tests on three-dimensional reinforced sand: effect of the geocell height. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Vol. 26, Issue 5, pp. 1694–1705. DOI: 10.1080/19648189.2020.1728581.

Boutouba, K., Benessalah, I., Arab, A., and Djafar Henni, A. (2019). Shear strength enhancement of cemented reinforced sand: role of cement content on the macro-mechanical behavior. Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, Vol. 41, Issue 4, pp. 200–211. DOI: 10.2478/sgem-2019-0020.

Boutouil, M. (1998). Traitement des vases de dragage par solidification/stabilisation à base de ciment et

additifs. PhD Thesis in Applied Sciences. additifs. PhD Thesis in Applied Sciences.

Consoli, N. C., Prietto, P. D. M., and Ulbrich, L. A. (1998). Influence of fiber and cement addition on behavior of sandy soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 124, Issue 12, pp. 1211–1214. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:12(1211).

Della, N., Arab, A., and Belkhatir, M. (2011). A laboratory study of the initial structure and the overconsolidation effects on the undrained monotonic behavior of sandy soil from Chlef region in northern Algeria. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, Vol. 4, Issue 5–6, pp. 983–991. DOI: 10.1007/s12517-010-0178-2.

Djafar Henni, A., Arab, A., Belkhatir, M., Saeed Hamoudi, M., and Khelafi, H. (2013). Undrained behavior of silty sand: effect of the overconsolidation ratio. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, Vol. 6, Issue 2, pp. 297–307. DOI: 10.1007/s12517-011-0365-9.

Haeri, S. M., Hamidi, A., Hosseini, S. M., Asghari, E., and Toll, D. G. (2006). Effect of cement type on the mechanical behavior of a gravely sand. Geotechnical & Geological Engineering, Vol. 24, Issue 2, pp. 335–360. DOI: 10.1007/s10706-004-7793-1.

Heathcote, K. A. and Piper, R. (1994). Strength of cement stabilised pressed earth bricks with low cement contents. Journal and Proceedings, Royal Society of New South Wales, Vol. 127, pp. 33–37.

Kazi Aoual-Benslafa, F., Ameur, M., Mekerta, B., and Semcha, A. (2014). Caractérisation des sédiments de dragage du barrage de Bouhanifia pour une réutilisation. In: 13th National Days of Coastal Engineering – Civil Engineering, July 2–4, 2014, Dunkirk, France, pp. 999–1006. DOI: 10.5150/jngcgc.2014.110.

Kevin, L., Dimitri, D., Stephanie, B., Michel, L., (1913). Effects of lime and cement treatment on the physicochemical, microstructural and mechanical characteristics of a plastic silt. Engineering Geology, Volume 166, pp. 255-261. DOI : 10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.09.012

Marri, A., Wanatowski, D., and Yu, H. S. (2012). Drained behaviour of cemented sand in high pressure triaxial compression tests. Geomechanics and Geoengineering, Vol. 7, Issue 3, pp. 159–174. DOI: 10.1080/17486025.2012.663938.

Merabet, K., Benessalah, I., Chemmam, M., and Arab, A. (2020). Laboratory study of shear strength response of Chlef natural sand: effect of saturation. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, Vol. 38, Issue 4, pp. 461–467. DOI: 10.1080/1064119X.2019.1595792.

Mateus Forcelini, Gregório Rigo Garbin, Vítor Pereira Faro, Nilo Cesar Consoli. (2016). Mechanical Behavior of Soil Cement Blends with Osorio Sand. Procedia Engineering. Volume 143, 2016, pp. 75–81

Osula, D. O. A. (1996). A comparative evaluation of cement and lime modification of laterite. Engineering Geology, Vol. 42, Issue 1, pp. 71–81. DOI: 10.1016/0013-7952(95)00067-4.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




     

ISSN: 2500-0055